Bank Customer Service Call Center - 1404 Words

| ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR | Bank Customer Service Call Center: Handling Customers | | | Introduction: A customer service officer or personnel often face problems handling difficult or irritated customers. Officers or personnel need to know the correct method of handling these people in the best possible way in order to give customers customer service satisfaction and also to retain customers from going elsewhere for the services they need. An example would be banking services, mobile network services, etc. In organizational behaviour, we learn the rational choice decision making process which consists of four general steps: 1. Identify the problem or opportunity 2. Choose the best decision process 3. Develop†¦show more content†¦Because we are humans, we are complex beings with feelings. It is not easy to deal with a customer’s offensive words and also at the same time keep smiling and keeping up a warm or calm atmosphere for talk or discussion. Therefore, in order to help officers deal with customers better, the management and officers can work together as a team to make things run smoother. The solutions suggested are as follows: 1. Make the structure of the organization more defined, the job scope of officers more specific so they can concentrate on what they do best. For example, in a banking customer service department, one team works on customer complaints regarding billing issues, one team handle finance charges waiver requests, one team handle annual fee waiver requests, and so on. Currently all officers are trained to do everything, which means they can do everything but not necessarily what they do best. Another way to improve the structure is to put more experienced officers to handle serious complaints like fraud complaints, exchange rate issues, and the simpler complaints to fresh employees like billing issues, annual fees and such. 2. A second solution suggested would be to keep training the customer service officers all the time. In this service industry, refreshing trainings are always good to remind officers of how to communicate to customers, to appreciate customers, and so on. This isShow MoreRelatedRecommendations for Auric Bank1069 Words   |  5 PagesRECOMMENDATIONS FOR AURIC BANK Recommendations for Relocating Call Centers of Auric Bank Donikian Mark SolBridge International School of Business TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 Problem solutions 4 Recommendations 6 INTRODUCTION Auric Bank is a modern British bank that cares about its customers. Business at Auric Bank is constantly reviewed in order to provide customers with excellent service at competitive prices. Read MoreMen s Wearhouse By George Zimmer1390 Words   |  6 Pageswith him. None of the press releases gave exact details as to why he was terminated but he did give a public on CNBC. Over the last 40 years, I have built MW into a multibillion-dollar company with amazing employees and loyal customers who value the products and service them receive at MW. Over the past several months I have expressed my concerns to the Board about the direction the company is currently heading. Instead of fostering the kind of dialogue in the Boardroom that has in part contributedRead MoreThe Service For The Banking Industry1637 Words   |  7 Pages The Critical Role of Service Employees in the Service Triangle for the Banking Industry Wesley Tobola Sam Houston State University Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to examine the service marketing triangle and how it relates to the role of service employees in banks and financial institutions. Using academic journals and articles, this paper addresses the different aspects of the service triangle, including external marketing, internal marketing, and interactiveRead MoreEthical Communication At A Retail Banking Call Center Sales Position1219 Words   |  5 Pagesa Retail Banking Call Center Sales Position Jacklyn Martin Currently many banks are viewed as being sales driven and sometimes forget about providing quality customer service. Because of this many customers are looking to do their everyday banking transactions through electronic options instead of the traditional face to face interactions. This change in business is alerting banking institutions that they should utilize call center salespersons more. Call centers are said to increaseRead MoreCall Centers1308 Words   |  6 Pagesstating, â€Å"Call now, operators are standing by,† your call is being answered by a call center. Call centers are locations that can perform a variety of tasks for a business. According to Wikipedia.com, â€Å"A  call centre  or  call center  is a centralised office used for the purpose of receiving or transmitting a large volume of requests by  telephone. An inbound call centre is operated by a  company  to administer incoming product support or information inquiries from consumers. Outbou nd call centers are operatedRead MoreCase Analysis: Bank of America: Mobile Banking Essays1196 Words   |  5 PagesCase  Analysis: Bank of America: Mobile Banking Company Overview: Bank of America is the largest US bank founded in 1904, it has expanded through several acquisitions. By the end of 2009, Bank of America was the market leader serving 82% of the US population and over 53 million customers. They are positioned as number one in online and mobile banking. Their mobile banking services were launched in 2007 and have gained 4 million customers in less than three years. Acquisitions made by Bank of AmericaRead MoreHarvard Fiserv Case1154 Words   |  5 PagesPisano Introduction Goals to reach †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Make a good market segmentation to define how to invest and to which customers †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Understand consumers perceptions and modify their approach to e-billing †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Implement an effective communication strategy without increasing the budget and maximizing the results. Customers definition †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Direct customers : billers and banks †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Undirect customers: end users Market potential and prevision We estimate that the realistic market potential, in USA 2009, isRead MoreCustomer Service Call Center Representative832 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Craigslist† on an open position for a Customer Service Call Center Representative. I currently have experience in a call center environment as a representative staff member and trainer with more than twenty years in customer service, sales, banking; and retail management. I have enclosed my resume along with this cover letter for your review. My knowledge of customer service call center trainer, along with numerous call center certifications, and rewards in customer service, would assist me in being a wonderfulRead MoreHow to Ensure the Call Center Staff Is Successful and That Customers Are Well Served1030 Words   |  5 PagesHow to Ensure the Call Center Staff Is Successful and That Customers Are Well Served There is several ways through which the management can ensure that distant call centers for their organizations are successful and that their customers are well served. Some of these include: Customer service staff training and development New employees should be thoroughly trained on communication skills over the phone and online. This should be done by experienced and successful trainers who are informed properlyRead MoreCall Center Customer Service: A Comparison of Mexico and India1152 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: CALL CENTERS CUSTOMER SERVICE Call center customer service: A comparison Mexico India. Your Name Your School Abstract The new generations of customer service call centers have developed rapidly over previous generations. Whereas once call centers were limited by geographic proximity, technology has removed such barriers and opened many doors to potentially outsourcing many different business functions to reduce overhead. Foreign call center services can now include such comprehensive

Chronic Myelocytic ( Or Myelogenous ) Leukemia ( Cml )

Introduction Chronic myelocytic (or myelogenous) leukemia (CML) is a rare disease worldwide 2000); however, the innovative advances and successes of CML’s targeted-molecular therapy have kept CML â€Å"at the forefront of scientific attention† (Lee 2000). Like other forms of leukemia, CML is a type of cancer that starts in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow. In particular, CML begins in myeloid stem cells, the cells that differentiate into platelets, red blood cells, and some white blood cells (e.g., granular leukocytes). These cells undergo genetic changes that cause white blood cells to not function normally and divide rapidly. The resulting abnormal leukemia cells build up in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells (platelets, RBCs, and granular leukocytes). Additionally, leukemia cells move into the blood stream and can spread to other organs (e.g., spleen). Unlike acute leukemia, which progresses very quickly, chronic leukemia progr esses more slowly and can take a long time before causing health problems (American Cancer Society). According to the American Cancer Society, â€Å"one person in 55 will get CML in their lifetime in the United States† (American Cancer Society). The occurrence of the disease increases with age (average age of CML diagnosis: 64 years) and is rarely seen in children. For an unknown reason, slightly more males have CML as compared to females. The one potentially controllable risk factor is exposure toShow MoreRelatedEssay about Reseach on Leukemia2551 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"LEUKEMIA† CANCER OF THE BLOOD INTRODUCTION â€Å"You have to realize that every well person is a miracle, it takes billions of cells to make up a person, and it will only take one cell to be bad to destroy the whole person†, this quote is from Barbara Bush from one of her past interviews about a daughter she lost with leukemia (Cunningham, 1988). This quote reminded me five years ago, when my niece was diagnosed with leukemia. She does not only have one bad cell inside her body but she has extra

Critical Care Nursing-Cushing’s Syndrome-Susan Summers Case Study

Question: Discuss about the Critical Care Nursing-Cushings Syndrome-Susan Summers Case Study. Answer: This essay focuses on Susan Summers, a female client aged 40 years with three children all aged below ten years. She works in a supermarket as a casual at night. She takes wine in order to adapt to her. She had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and obesity with 90kg which corresponds to a Body Mass Index of 35kg/m. She was admitted for laparoscopic right adrenalectomy following noticeable changes in her general appearance because of Cushings syndrome which resulted from a benign tumor on the right adrenal gland. Cushings syndrome is a medical condition associated with excessive levels of cortisol hormone. Susan had to undergo right adrenalectomy under general anesthesia. Adrenalectomy refers to the surgical removal of the adrenal grand. Susan stayed in the Post-anesthetic recovery room (PARU) for two hours and then taken to the ward. She had an indwelling Urinary Catheter and a record of observations. The essay will focus on causes and pathophysiology of Cushings syndrome. It will also discuss the pathophysiology behind the deterioration of Susans condition post operation and the appropriatenursing interventions. Lastly, the essay will touch on some of the members of the interdisciplinary health care team. Cushings syndrome is associated with prolonged or excessive exposure of body tissues to excessive levels of cortisol hormone which is produced by the adrenal glands. Adrenal gland also produce other hormones such as epinephrine, dehydroepiandrosterone and norepinephrine. Cortisol hormone is responsible for regulation of blood pressure, counteraction of allergies and inflammation, maintaining stress resistance and normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. A tumor on the adrenal gland may lead to excessive production of cortisol hormone. It can also result from excessive use of corticosteroids such as prednisone (Nieman et al, 2015 High levels of cortisol hormone are associated with factors such as stress, alcoholism, malnutrition, depression and emotional stress. A tumor on the pituitary gland may lead to excessive release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) which consequently leads to increased release of cortisol from the adrenal gland cortex. A primary disease of the adrenal gland can also lead to excessive production of cortisol leading to Cushings syndrome. Heredity is also a contributing factor to Cushings syndrome but rarely. High levels of cortisol leads to hypertension, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, obesity, weight gain, type 2 diabetes and fat deposition on the neck, face and belly (Craft et al, 2015). After making a diagnosing Cushings syndrome, Susan had to go for laparoscopic adrenalectomy of the right adrenal gland based on her clinical presentation, location and size of the tumor (Maestre-Maderuelo et al, 2013). After operation, Susan was taken to post-anesthetic recovery unit (PARU) for recovery from the general anesthesia. At post anesthetic recovery unit (PARU) she was put under close monitoring for any signs of deterioration and complications. She was later taken to the ward for management as she awaited discharge after two days. Her observations in the ward include: Blood pressure-160/90mmHg, Temperature-35.0c, respirations-30breaths per minute, pain score-0/10, pulse-128beats per minute and an Indwelling Urinary Catheter indicating 5mls of urine for 1hour (Maestre-Maderuelo et al, 2013). Operation under general anesthesia could have led to hypothermia temperature of 35.0c compared to normal of (36.5-37.0c). During general anesthesia, the normal mechanisms of thermoregulation in the body are inhibited leading to low body temperature (Aksu et al, 2014). Postoperative hypothermia is also associated with female gender, old age, emergency surgery and amount of blood loss during the surgical procedure. Prolonged anesthetic period or surgery, technique used in anesthesia and room temperature can also lead to hypothermia. Postoperative hypothermia can lead to infection of the surgical site, blood transfusions, discomfort, pressure sores and mortality (Aksu et al, 2014). A pulse rate of more than 100 beats per minute is termed as tachycardia. Excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, Cushings syndrome and hypertension are associated with tachycardia. Alcohol leads to increased fats in the blood stream which can clog the blood vessels. This leads to increased peripheral resistance and increased pressure exerted on the walls of the blood vessels .Increased peripheral resistance leads to a consequential increase in blood pressure. Alcohol also causes thickening and narrowing of blood vessels, which makes the heart to strain as it tries to compensate for the disorientation in its normal functioning. This results to increased heart rate of 128 beats per minutes and high blood pressure (160/90mmHg). Obesity is a risk factor for hypertension. Obesity is associated with increased intravascular volume which leads to increased cardiac output (Lacroix et al, 2015) Based on a normal respiration rate of 12-20 breaths/minute, Susan had tachypnea with a respiration rate of 30 breaths per minute. Some of the factors which could have led to tachypnea are hypertension, fluid loss and damage of the heart as a result of alcohol. Bleeding during operation or post-operation could be another possible cause of increased rate of respiration and tachycardia to Susan. The normal urine output is more than about 20 mls/hr/kg in an adult which indicates sufficient renal perfusion and functioning (Harding, 2017) Susans incidence of 5mls of urine in hour can be termed as oliguria. Oliguria refers to a urine output less than 20ml/kh/hour in an adult. Postoperatively, decreased urinary output results from blood or fluid loss due to decreased rate of glomerular filtration secondary to hypotension and hypovolemia. Reduced tissue and organ perfusion can also lead to reduced kidney functioning resulting to reduced urine production. It can also be due to adrenal cortex response to stress due to increased release of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone. The general anesthesia used during the surgery and stress associated with surgery could also be other causes of reduced urinary output post operation. Anesthesia influences the sympathetic activities, hemodynamics and humoral regulation. Opioids, benzodiazepines and barbiturates cause a reduction in the rate of glomerular filtration leading to reduced urinary output. Medications and medical conditions can disorient kidney perfusion and functioning lea ding to abnormalities in the amount of urine output (Harding, 2017) For better postoperative outcome and good prognosis of Susans condition, appropriatenursing interventions were required. Appropriate and qualitynursing management is important to promote patient recovery and prevent deterioration of the patients health condition due to complications associated with poor nursing management. ISBAR (Identify, Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation) tool can be used to promote improvement of safety when transferring critical patient information from one department to another in health care system, for instance from theatre to PARU then to the ward (Morton et al, 2017 The key priorities of Susan are stabilization of vitals, fluid and electrolyte balance and prevention of deterioration and complications. On arriving in the ward, the ABCDE approach is important in a clinical emergency for fast assessment of the patients condition and immediate initiation of treatment (Estes et al, 2016). This approach aims at providing life-saving management, breaking down complex medical situations to manageable portions and establishing common awareness of the situation among all health care providers. To implement on this approach, it is recommended to check for patency of the airway. Airway can be partially or completely blocked by foreign objects, secretions or inflammation which can lead to breathing difficulties to the patient. On breathing, one should ensure that the patient is breathing sufficiently. Insufficient breathing is manifested through cyanosis, tracheal lateralization and distension of neck veins (Morton et al, 2017 Sufficient circulation should be assessed to ascertain any abnormalities such as variations in pulse rate, sweating, color changes and decreased consciousness level. Assessment of disabilities gives more information on the level of consciousness of the patient. Consciousness can be assessed using tools such as AVPU (Alert, Voice responsive, Pain Responsive and Unresponsive) and Glasgow Coma Scale. Exposure aspect of the ABCDE approach gives the general condition of the patient which includes signs of bleeding, trauma and skin reactions such as rashes (Brown et al, 2017). The elevated blood pressure of 160/90mmHg and tachycardia (128beats per minute) can be managed through close cardiovascular observation. This can be implemented by accurately and continuously measuring and monitoring pulse and blood pressure in order to detect any signs of improvement or deterioration. Postoperatively, most patients are at high risk of fluid and electrolyte imbalance because of fluid or blood loss, starvation and exposure during surgical operation (Brown et al, 2017). Low amount of urine output (5mls of urine in hour) is an indication of fluid volume deficit. In this instance, administering intravenous fluids following prescriptions is an important nursing intervention. Secondly, it is important to closely monitor the input/output using charts to ascertain any kidney dysfunctions. It is important to encourage the patient to avoid movements which are precipitating factors of hypertension and tachycardia. For the postoperative hypothermia characterized by a temperature of 35.5 centigrade, it is important to monitor temperature variations and keep the patient warm using synthetic blankets. Since Susan has an indwelling catheter, catheter care is very important to prevent infections (Brown et al, 2017). A multidisciplinary health care team is important during the care of Susan and her life after she has been discharged from the hospital. Susan is a single parent with three children whom she raises alone from her job as a casual worker. Recommending her to a social worker would be important. It is recommendable if she is given a leave of two months from work for her recovery. A counselor would be important to guide her on how to handle her family and work without having to take alcohol in order to cope with her life (Momsen et al, 2012 A diabetes health educator could also be recommended for her since she has type 2 diabetes. The educator can provide more information about diabetes, its risk factors, causes and lifestyle modifications important for prevention of diabetes. An IDEAL discharge plan should be applied since it incorporates the patient and her family to prevent complications and deterioration after discharge hence promoting patient satisfaction. Objectives of the discharge include prevention of complexities and promote healing (Momsen et al, (2012 In conclusion, the underlying etiology and pathophysiology of Cushings syndrome were highlighted and explained. Base on the case study of Susan, the essay has captured the presenting medical condition, its causes, pathophysiology, manifestations and nursing management interventions. Nursing interventions have been based on the patients health care priorities. The essay has also addressed the importance of the multidisciplinary health care team counsellor, social worker and a health educator in care of the patient. References Aksu, C., Ku?, A., Grkan, Y., Solak, M., Toker, K. (2014). Survey on postoperative hypothermia incidence in operating theatres of Kocaeli University.Turkish journal of anaesthesiology and reanimation,42(2), 66. Brown, D., Edwards, H., Seaton, L., Buckley, T. (2017).Lewis's Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. Elsevier Health Sciences. Chatterjee, S., Khunti, K., Davies, M. J. (2017). Type 2 diabetes.The Lancet,389(10085), 2239-2251. Craft, J., Gordon, C., Huether, S., McCance, K., Brashers, V., Rote, N. (2015). Understanding pathophysiology (2nd ed.). Daniel, E., Newell-Price, J. D. (2015). Diagnosis of Cushings disease.Pituitary,18(2), 206-210 Estes, M., Calleja, P., Theobald, K., Harvey, T. (2016). Health assessment and physical examination. (Australian and New Zealand 2nd ed.) Melbourne: Cengage Learning. Harding, M. M. (2017). Fluid, electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. In Lewis, S. L. (10th ed.). Lewis's Medical-Surgical Nursing (pp. 270-299 ). Elsevier. Huether, S., McCance, K. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (Sixth ed.). Lacroix, A., Feelders, R. A., Stratakis, C. A., Nieman, L. K. (2015). Cushing's syndrome.The lancet,386(9996), 913-927. Lus, C., Moreno, C., Silva, A., Pscoa, R., Abelha, F. (2012). Inadvertent postoperative hypothermia at post-anesthesia care unit: incidence, predictors and outcome.Open J Anesthesiol,2(5), 205-13. Maestre-Maderuelo, M., Candel-Arenas, M., Terol-Garaulet, E., Gonzlez-Valverde, F. M., Marn-Blzquez, A. A. (2013). Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: the best surgical option.Cir Cir,81(3), 196-201. Momsen, A. M., Rasmussen, J. O., Nielsen, C. V., Iversen, M. D., Lund, H. (2012). Multidisciplinary team care in rehabilitation: an overview of reviews.Journal of rehabilitation medicine,44(11), 901-912. Morton, P. G., Fontaine, D., Hudak, C. M., Gallo, B. M. (2017).Critical care nursing: a holistic approach(p. 1056). Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Nieman, L. K., Biller, B. M., Findling, J. W., Murad, M. H., Newell-Price, J., Savage, M. O., Tabarin, A. (2015). Treatment of Cushing's syndrome: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline.The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism,100(8), 2807-2831.

Strategic Information Systems Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Strategic Information Systems Management? Answer: Introduction The foundation of manufacturing business has been temperamental and is very unpredictable because of challenging business environment. As the competition is increasing day by day, it is becoming threat to the survival of business. Hence, the strategic planning become necessary in order to get the result. Management Information Systems (MIS) is the main element that encourage as well as achieve effective leadership process in an association. This paper analyze the degree by which administration data frameworks actualized influence effective vital intending to process of automobile industry. It is necessary for the business in this competitive environment, to implement some necessary elements like management information system for achieving adequacy of the organization. MIS can be defined as the imperative component for designing as well as implementing the strategies. In this paper, I have taken the automobile industry Australian Motor Industries that needs to implement Financial SAP ERP due to the complication in the processes of the industry. (Bogabol, A., O., A. Dr. Musadieq, M., A., 2014). SAP Financial ERP consists of full integrated tools set that are used to automate as well as to manage all the financial and accounting processes of the automobile industry. Its financial activities includes ledgers, inventory management, and receivable as well as payable accounts. It will help to automatically calculate tax like sales tax, value added tax or any additional tax and will manage all the different currencies calculations. This ERP will help to manage all cash flow, will monitor budget and also it will help to calculate revenue as well as expenses in very easy steps. Hence, it will help to create balance sheet in easy processing. This ERP is very much user friendly. It will also help to monitor all the processes of finances whether it is cheque payment, credit card payment or cash payment. (SAP Business One, 2007). Organization Structure of Australian Motor Industries Australian Motor Industry is a pioneer in the Australian car industry as well as it adds to the economy of Australia through direct or indirect business, purchasing, the venture investment as well as to maintain the revenue. The automobile industry has its distribution branch offices that are spread in all territory Australian states. The industry's fundamental mission is to manufacture the top automobile products as well as should be top in its services to the customers, community as well as working environment. The organization has a number of employees who works in its branch offices and the supplier network. In order to advance a developing manageable business, they endeavor to be useful for the earth as well as the society. The main stakeholders they include are suppliers as well as distributors. Their long term relationship with them is the reason for success. The main problem they are focusing is lack of accounting processes. They are required to implement MIS that can help to centralize their accounting data of all the distribution centers. For this I have selected SAP Financial ERP that can help them to centralize all the processes. (Toyota Motor Corporation Australia Limited, 2008). Operational Problems With the absence of ERP, the manufacturer lack the perceivability to the inventory, they mainly face the problems of either less inventory whenever required or delivering excessively stock and in this manner diminishing revenue with the increase in its expenses to distribution center additional materials. If the required stock is not present in the warehouse, it can make the wasteful aspects in the stockroom which helps to moderate its operations and also makes the expenses. (Blanchard, D., 2013). To accomplish consistence with government directions, manufacturers must have the capacity to follow each segment inside their individual items to seclude issues rapidly and with pinpoint accuracy. With the absence of ERP, they precisely track singular receptacles, containers, as well as packages as they course through the assembling procedure and the distribution chain. The capacity to oversee production quality is main point to be considered to car producers. The automobile industry is lacking to track ongoing information on all parts of assembling and supply during manufacturing, and to store the information in documents for reviews or future reference. Their procedure of dealing with all records on papers is moderate. They are also unable to maintain and track their financial and accounting information on papers. They are unable to manage changing tax rates. It is very difficult to keep the track of history like which tool or raw material is used to make a particular type of car. (Plex, 2014). Advantages of Implementing SAP Financial ERP in Automobile Industry Considering the mission of Australian Motor Industry, controllership may enhance its business viability and operational productivity using IT. The execution and the utilization of ERP frameworks describes the adjustment in connection to past advancements, as business forms are related by an automated flow of work and a solitary database. ERP frameworks force their rationale on the procedure, the culture of the industry as well as on the association of the organization; as their plan mirrors various theories that are related to the various processes of the association and they are produced to demonstrate great business processes and generate high revenue. The adjustments in the procedures and in the culture of the association are a part of the intrigue processes in ERP frameworks. (Ebner, G. Buvat, J., 2013). Controllership is an authoritative region in automobile industry. ERP helps managers to improve the decision making process in a very efficient way. Taking care of control demand requires data innovation. Hence we can say that by implementing ERP, the industry may add to and impact Controllership capacities in their processes. The implementation of ERP for the motor industry is appropriate when they are looking for the advantages of integrating and great practices for their data frameworks that also includes various functionalities. It will help to advance data integration over the association, for the most part created progressively, that is of top quality and without any type of irregularities, with regularized systems. ERP frameworks prompt the institutionalization of schedules and procedures and take into consideration the amendment of procedures through great models, tried and working in various automobile organizations. (Lira, A., M., D. Parisi, C., 2012). Industry Challenges for the Implementation Process Implementation of an ERP framework is greatly challenging as it includes redesigning of all the processes, changing observation as individuals approach their work. The good thing will be first the inefficient processes should be known and then they must try to make processes better. (Dr. Conteh, N., Y. Akhtar, M., J., 2015). By implementing ERP frameworks ordinarily prompts incorporation of information, which has the impact of incorporating proprietorship. The implementation of ERP is able to change power in the associations, generally supporting central organization to the detriment of auxiliaries. The inspiration to embrace ERP frameworks was frequently financial as well as accounting based. Producers are additionally persuaded by a want to supplant MRP frameworks, keeping in mind the end goal to support complex operations including various plants, providers and for the situation of multinational operations, managing various currencies. Demand for the advancement of software engineers is low whereas it has higher demand of the user involvement. (Soltanzadeh, J. Khoshsirat, M., 2012). System Flow Chart of Sales Procedure Contingent upon the request, that client demand can be naturally changed over into an objective report such as quote, request, or receipt. An email with some tracking number which is automatically generated can be sent physically or consequently. This tracking number will be helpful for the follow up for a particular customer. This tracking number can be helpful in updating the account status of the customer like last sales made on which date, due payments etc. Client maintenance is a urgent mission for the automobile industry. This SAP ERP frameworks helps in emailing, generates sales requests to follow up. The adequacy of promoting efforts can be measured by the income or gross benefit created for this by connecting each archive like Receipt or Order to the pertinent crusade during creation of invoice. This information can help in reporting. The process of pre-sales helps to follow other sales activities before the order like it helps to generate quote for specific model. It will help to meet unique customer's requirements. The ledger which is generated on monthly basis will help to control financial activities. This ledger details will be linked with accounts receivable, accounts payable, payroll as well as order costing functions that are parts of sub ledgers. (Shukla, S., 2017). Various Control Problems Operational risk can be defined as various loss coming about because of lacking or failed interior procedures, individuals or frameworks, or from outside happening. It incorporates notoriety and distribution office related with a bank's business practices or market direct. It likewise incorporates the danger of neglecting to agree to material laws, directions, Regulatory Administrative Actions or bank's approaches. (Raman, R., 204). The main operating risk in the implementation of ERP is the lack of the contribution from its cross-utilitarian areas. Because of the optional idea of testing, numerous directors reduce the testing to facilitate or meet the "go-live" date. Broad testing guarantees less costs for maintenance during the post "go-live" period. The other risks are related with information change as well as the validating insufficiency of organizing the time and required resources for mapping MIS. In order to manage the change programs, organizations ought to altogether monitor the processes and they must proactively asses the risks. Administrators are required to alter the framework until the point when it pushes back the schedules and it leads to increase in the implementation expenses. Numerous associations do not consider security seriously user access so as to minimize the costs that are identified with the redesigning of process. This will make the pointless isolation of obligations. Hence, security end user access ought to be driven by isolation of obligations and access decides that are endorsed by internal as well as external auditor. (ERM Initiative faculty, 2014). Accounting Software Package Various transactions in SAP Financial ERP automatically locates various journal entries. Eg: a products receipt is automatically generated that creates journal entries for updating inventory and valuation and updates relating cost accounts. Primary accounts can easily be configured utilizing standards, so the correct general record accounts are utilized as a part of every transaction. In month-end closing process, ERP will help to develop financial statements that can help to make better business decisions. It will help to reduce errors. We can easily get the financial information what is required and that will reduce the time. External bank statements can easily be generated which can produce incoming as outgoing payments and to accommodate balance sheet. Furthermore, you can utilize a compromise engine to coordinate the due payments that are not accommodated consequently. Various reports can also be generated using Financial SAP ERP like balance sheet, profit and loss statements, b udget reports etc. (SAP Business One, 2015). Current Market Size German software designer SAP financial ERP is the worldwide leader in ERP (endeavor, planning, and resource) application programming, having market share of 40% in 2015 and yearly incomes surpassing $6 billion SAP has a lead over Microsoft and is the most well-known programming for financial solution inside this group of organization. Among multinationals SAP is the reasonable top choice, as 50% are using SAP. ERP programming sales add to around 31% of SAP's stock cost, and is the most essential driver for the organization. SAP offers ERP programming modules that serve organizations crosswise over different working groups that enables them to oversee and upgrade their assets through its items, incorporating SAP financial ERP. (Trefis Team, 2014). Competitive Advantages The main competitor of SAP ERP is NetSuite ERP. With the managing banking as well as compromise tools that are available in SAP Financial ERP, it gets easy to process all the payments that includes bank transfers, managing cash, check payment or any other bank reconciliation statement. It also helps to support automatically tax calculation and have feature to handle multicurrency transactions. Posting formats and repeating templates additionally streamline as well as improve the accounting process. (SAP Business One, 2016). Conclusions In synopsis, implementation of management information system in fabricating procedures will drive operational perfection by improving data flow and will help to remove waste crosswise over assembling, production supply chain administration as well as the service operations. Assembling associations ought to understand that advanced innovations offer them the better chance to productively interface procedures and individuals, and utilize data viably without availability gaps. They ought to likewise consider lessons learnt from the prior era of innovation organizations furthermore, avoid taking a storehouse based approach towards operational excellence. Rather, the concentrate should be on utilizing digital technology to influence data and drive operational perfection. References Blanchard, D. (2013). Supply Chain Logistics: Top 5 Warehouse Challenges and How to Overcome Them. [Online] Available at: https://www.industryweek.com/warehousing-and-distribution/supply-chain-logistics-top-5-warehouse-challenges-and-how-overcome-them [Accessed 3rd Sep. 2017] Bogabol, A., O., A. Dr. Musadieq, M., A. (2014). The Need for Management Information Systems on Strategic Planning Process in Libyan Health Service Organizations. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume X, Issue X. Ver. I (Feb. 2014), PP 13-26. [Online] Available at: https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Vol16-issue8/Version-1/C016811326.pdf [Accessed 3rd Sep. 2017] Dr. Conteh, N., Y. Akhtar, M., J. (2015). Implementation Challenges of an Enterprise System and Its Advantages over Legacy Systems. International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE) Vol. 7 No.11 Nov 2015. [Online] Available at: https://www.enggjournals.com/ijcse/doc/IJCSE15-07-11-001.pdf [Accessed 3rd Sep. 2017] Ebner, G. Buvat, J. (2013). Operational Excellence through Digital in Manufacturing Industries. Capgemini Consulting. [Online] Available at: https://www.capgemini-consulting.com/resource-file-access/resource/pdf/operational_excellence_goes_digital_29_07_final.pdf [Accessed 3rd Sep. 2017] ERP implementation risk: managing sources of project delays and other. ERM Initiative faculty (2014). [Online] Available at: https://erm.ncsu.edu/library/article/erp-implementation-risk-managing-sources-of-project-delays-and-other-r [Accessed 3rd Sep. 2017] Financial Management with SAP Business One. SAP Business One (2015). [Online] Available at: https://sap.qept-qatar.com/Downloads/Accounting-and-Financial%20Management-SAP-B1.pdf [Accessed 3rd Sep. 2017] Financials management with SAP Business One - Manage accounting, cash flow and banking transactions. SAP Business One (2007). [Online] Available at: https://www.softtrust.com/Downloads/SAP-Business-One-Financials-Management.pdf [Accessed 3rd Sep. 2017] Key Trends Impacting ERP Software Revenues For SAP In 2014. Trefis Team (2014). [Online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2014/01/06/key-trends-impacting-erp-software-revenues-for-sap-in-2014/#5b0ffe3d40bc [Accessed 3rd Sep. 2017] Lira, A., M., D. Parisi, C. (2012). Uses of ERP systems and their influence on controllership functions in Brazilian Companies. JISTEM - Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management On-line version ISSN 1807-1775. [Online] Available at: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextpid=S1807-17752012000200008 [Accessed 3rd Sep. 2017] Manage accounting, cash flow and banking transactions. SAP Business One (2016). [Online] Available at: https://www.vision33.com/media/261886/sap_b1_fact_sheet_financials_management.pdf [Accessed 3rd Sep. 2017] Plex (2014). Must-Have ERP Features For The Automotive Industry. [Online] Available at: https://www.mbtmag.com/article/2014/01/must-have-erp-features-automotive-industry [Accessed 3rd Sep. 2017] Raman, R. (2014). Operations Risk Management: RCSA Management and Analysis. [Online] Available at: https://analyticsindiamag.com/operations-risk-management-rcsa-management-and-analysis/ [Accessed 3rd Sep. 2017] Shukla, S. (2017). Enterprise Resourse Management. [Online] Available at: https://sol.du.ac.in/mod/book/view.php?id=803chapterid=451 [Accessed 3rd Sep. 2017] Soltanzadeh, J. Khoshsirat, M. (2012). Challenges of ERP implementation: ERP as a Technology Transfer Project. 2012 International Conference on Economics, Business Innovation IPEDR vol.38 (2012) (2012) IACSIT Press, Singapore. [Online] Available at: https://www.ipedr.com/vol38/004-ICEBI2012-A00007.pdf [Accessed 3rd Sep. 2017] Toyota - Sustainablity Report. Toyota Motor Corporation Australia Limited (2008). [Online] Available at: https://www.toyota.com.au/toyota/sustainability/cms/download/tmca-sustainability-2008.pdf [Accessed 3rd Sep. 2017] Strategic Information Systems Management – Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Strategic Management Information Systems? Answer: Introduction A Strategic information system is developed in order to provide a response for the marketable business procedures and ingenuities. Strategic information system helps in delivering competitive benefit to the business enterprises. Due to globalisation and alterations in the customers behaviour, these systems also have significant variances across the globe. It provides a composition of the inclusive articles and readings written by professional experts who are engaged with many strategic information systems. Strategic information systems also termed as SIS are the systems that get engaged or merged with the business technology in order to create a business structure with better plan and objectives for the company. The study will demonstrate the literature review on the compliance of accounting system software in an establishment of Australia. It will create an analysis on the discussion where the accounting software will be examined on the ground of a business enterprise context. A focus will be provided on the utilisation of the accounting software which will be on the reference of the acknowledged Australian University. The study will demonstrate a deep research on the examination of the organisational structure of IGA Supermarket which is currently the most looked after the supermarket in Australia. After that, the study will outline the principal operational issues that IGA Supermarket has to face due to its organisational structure. In addition to this, a discussion will be made on the best likely accounting system and will also recognise the possible control problem. Furthermore, the literature review conducted in the study will also demonstrate the review of the development and adoption of the accounting software packages. The literature review of the study will be undertaken according to the business investigation procedures that will outline the recommendation for the enhancement of the accounting software packages in the Australian companies. Literature Review A Strategic information system is developed in order to provide a response for the commercial business operations and initiatives. Strategic information system helps in delivering competitive advantage to the business enterprises(Ciftci, 2010). Due to globalisation and alterations in the customers behaviour, these systems also have significant variances across the globe. It provides a composition of the inclusive articles and readings written by professional experts who are engaged with many strategic information systems. Strategic information systems also termed as SIS are the systems that get engaged or merged with the business technology in order to create a business structure with better plan and objectives for the company(Ciftci, 2010). In the retail business, there is the utmost importance of information system as it is the most crucial element in the supply chain of the retail companies. It is evident that retail business requires a lot of book keepings and has to look at many other factors such as mail order, e-commerce, etc. The accounting also depends on the type of production or type of business the company is operating(Galliers et al., 2014). In the retail business, there is a continuous requirement of accounting software as it has to enhance the audit continuously. The IGA supermarket which stands for Independent Grocers of Australia is an Australian chain of supermarkets. It is the Australian branch of the International American-based Independent Grocers Association. The stated organisation has more than 5,000 stores around 30 nations and was bought by Davids Holdings in 1988. In Australia, there are over 1400 stores. There is a mixture of both part-time and full-time employees and the company has a distinct headachy approach. The stated firm follows a hierarchy system and each of the staged has its own nature of operations. The head of the hierarchy is responsible for the overall performance of the company. After the head of the hierarchy, there are senior managers who are accountable for the general management and are also responsible for the daily operations of the company. Their responsibilities include the stock control, and to examine the overall cash of the day. After senior managers comes the full-time worker who completes the daily ta sk stated by the supervisors or the managers(Warren, Reeve and Fess, 2005). At last, there are part-time employees who come to work during daytime or during weekends. The hierarchical structure of IGA supermarket is very effective as the above stages are filled with individuals with more experience. In the recent period, IGAs disclosure regarding the huge accounting mistakes was analysed over the agreement with the suppliers that completely shuttered the retail industry in Australia as its executives have not assumed to get an error of this order. In its most recent annual reports, the management of the firm has mentioned that it is facing material risks regarding the reportage of the agilest rebates(Sebastian, 2006). The payments done in cash and the offers given by the company and those disclosures given by the auditors have more than growing importance about the supplier rebates that raise concerns regarding the organisations administrators. IGA Supermarket is among the most reputed supermarket in Australia and for maintaining this position, the stated organisation have adopted many accounting software to help the management to meet the goals and objectives and to emit the previously done mistakes in the accounting with the suppliers. The stated organisation is planning to re duce half of its carbon emissions by implementing and executing EcoSoftware from the computer associates. The IGA Supermarket is looking for the accounting software packages that could do the accounting for its daily business operations and which could be improved in the segment for the supply chain management. According to Keziere 2009, it is crucial to continue the search all over the research procedures mainly in the research and findings that could be generally examined on the grounds of other similar researches(Nikidehaghani and Hui, 2016). There have been successive growth in the field of information technology that has made an effort for acknowledging the reality of Information technology. Australian retailing companies also have to face the same issues as there was no exception to these movements(Lewis, 2014). The development of the accounting software packages took place when the Bespoke accounting software was created. As the accounting of retail business includes a lot of calculations regarding its business operations such as calculations of daily to monthly sales, customer needs, most sold items, items in stock and many other things, there is always a probability of getting an error(Nikidehaghani and Hui, 2016). Due to such high chance of getting the error in the calculations, r etail enterprises took numerous efforts to access the most advanced accounting software. After Bespoke, companies started to use other more advanced accounting software packages like Peachtree and Tally. One of the primary benefits that companies get after purchasing these accounting softwares is that they could start using it after 5-6 days of purchasing. It has been observed and noted by many researchers that many companies faced issues with this software ; mainly those which do not work on isolation. On the other hand, these accounting softwares were trusted by most of the accounting departments as maintain the computerised books of accounts is very trustworthy(Lewis, 2014). There was also a possibility of getting duplicate information regarding the retail business where the financial transactions have been already made. Accounts could be tapped by duplicated invoices as there may be errors in the software of the accounting system. All the issues lead to very difficult tasks of reconciling (Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 2008). There was a total lack of centralised systems and many data errors were also noticed which the main causes of accounting problems was. It is evident that accounts departments have their own views and perception regarding some specific process when it comes to information data among the different departments. There were three successive processes in Information Technology(Froud, Tischer and Williams, 2017). These are enterprise resource planning (ERP), enterprise application Integration (EAI) business process management (BPM). All these developments in the information technology try to assimilate the vital accounting processes into the mainstream software of the companies irrespective of its trade industry. Thus, accounting becomes the most important function of the software installed in a company(Froud, Tischer and Williams, 2017). Many studies recommend using mini ERP that only involves the accounting and finance system if the purchaser is not interested in executing the full version of the systems. Accounting and finance departments are very closely related to each other, and when a retail organisation like IGA S upermarket wants to start the accounting function like the mini ERP software, the management can easily improve the functions of the software like HR and Finance(Mohdzain and Ward, 2007). Many companies due to the stiff presence of competition have realised the importance of accounting software and are making attempt in enhancing the accounting software packages. During the early 80s, there was a great advancement in the ERP tools operating system that provides opportunity for the organisations. For providing abilities to the uniting the logic, there were systems like Oracle and SQL(Morris, 2001). There were possibilities for achieving a centralised database system for the companies like IGA Supermarket that could have implemented the pre-packaged ERPs which was available to use. In the current decade, emergence of BPM has become a very useful tool in eradicating the gaps between the different departments of the organisation. BPM advances the idea of continuous improvement with six sigma approach and the process administration(Gunasekaran and Ngai, 2011). At the starting of its launch, there were some errors in the BPM modelling but it soon was covered by the cross functional and horizontal solutions. For every business enterprise, it is always challenging to get the appropriate accounting software that can handle or manage its daily numerical transactions. It is also very challenging for companies to re-implement any software package against all odds. There will always a concern for having huge costs and rate of success will also be very low. It is better that organisations could have better options than the independent software. As for illustration, the current business enterprises save a lot of time and resources by having a centralised and consistent system that usually dont identify the reconciliations(P., Mahajan and Bulakh, 2017). Helo P., Anussornnitisarn P. Phusavat have stated that Accounting and finance mini ERP system have the most successful and trusted accounting software for the automation of any retail business or any other form of business. Conclusion The study identified that implementing ERP software is the most precise and most trusted software for the retail companies. With the implementation of the ERP software, IGA Supermarkets could improve its productivity, increase its efficiencies, decrees the costs and could also streamline the processes. The study stated that having ERP accounting software installed in the business operations could help the managers in proper planning of the companys resources. Having ERP solution eradicates the repetitive processes and also diminishes the need to manually enter the information. It helps in making the report easier and more customizable. Having improved reporting capabilities can help a firm in responding to more complex data requests more easily. It has been also found in the study that for every business enterprise, it is always challenging to get the appropriate accounting software that can handle or manage its daily numerical transactions. It is also very challenging for companies to re-implement any software package against all odds. There will always a concern for having huge costs and rate of success will also be very low. It is better that organisations could have better options than the independent software. References Ciftci, M. (2010). Accounting Choice and Earnings Quality: The Case of Software Development. European Accounting Review, 19(3), pp.429-459. Froud, J., Tischer, D. and Williams, K. (2017). It is the business model Reframing the problems of UK retail banking. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 42, pp.1-19. Galliers, R., Leidner, D., Leidner, D. and Galliers, R. (2014).Strategic information management. London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis. Gunasekaran, A. and Ngai, E. (2011). Strategic enterprise information systems for global supply chain competitiveness.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 20(3), pp.215-216. Journal of Strategic Information Systems. (2008).The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 17(4), p.287. Lewis, J. (2014). The Book You Need Before You Buy That Accounting Software. 1st ed. Cork: BookBaby. Mohdzain, M. and Ward, J. (2007). A study of subsidiaries views of information systems strategic planning in multinational organisations.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 16(4), pp.324-352. Morris, J. (2001). Software industry accounting. 1st ed. New York: John Wiley. Nikidehaghani, M. and Hui, F. (2016). Accounting and accountability for disability benefits in Australia (1909-1961). Accounting History. P., D., Mahajan, N. and Bulakh, P. (2017). An Analytical Study of Knowledge Management Softwares.International Journal of Computer Applications, 164(5), pp.7-14. Sebastian, S. (2006). Management report. 1st ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Accountability Office. Warren, C., Reeve, J. and Fess, P. (2005). Financial managerial accounting. 1st ed. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western.

True Knowledge - Descartes vs Plato free essay sample

Many philosophers have tried to figure out what exactly true knowledge is. For years they have been asking questions and looking deep into the mind to better understand the methods needed to get to true knowledge. If we go back to some of the earliest philosophers we meet Plato in Greece. Plato tried to take on the question himself in a fictional conversation he wrote up between Socrates and Meno, and in which we see some insight to what he believes it is. In the conversation Socrates asks the question of what virtue really is. Meno tries to answer by giving a very specific answer as to what virtue was within Greek society of that day, but Socrates then replies that although one who follows what Meno said is considered to be a virtuous person, it still does not define virtue itself. After a while of conversation Meno gets frustrated and gives up, as they could not come to a true definition of virtue. We will write a custom essay sample on True Knowledge Descartes vs Plato or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Socrates (Plato) then explains that in order to really know something you have to be able to reason and withhold the Socratic conversation (kind of like a devil’s advocate conversation) in which they discuss the concept at question and bounce back and forth until there is a real answer. Socrates then goes on to say that inside every person’s soul and mind is knowledge they carry with them from their past lives. They know everything already and when they learn it is merely a recollection. True knowledge is really already in our minds but just has to be brought out. Socrates then demonstrates this with a slave and some mathematical equations, but also tries to show the difference between true belief and true knowledge as at one point the slave boy believed he was write, but wasn’t. Plato comes to say that even though one may have true belief in something he still may not truly know that that something is true. Later on a French philosopher, Renà © Descartes, comes along and tries to answer the question of true knowledge on his own. He derives that a lot of what people think is true knowledge, can be doubted, and that it isn’t really true knowledge. If one person comes along and says â€Å"I know there is a god† but another man comes along and says† no, I know there is no god!† how can they both know? Only one of these men can have true knowledge. Descartes wr ites that in order for something to really be true knowledge it must have three elements to it. First, he says, is that it must be true. Then although it is  true, one must also believe it. Then the last, and probably most important thing that makes something true knowledge, according to Descartes, is that it must be something that cannot be doubted by anyone, because if there is any doubt, than it is possible it can be false, and therefore not true knowledge. Descartes also about the method known as hyperbolical/metaphysical doubt which he uses (but it is really just a fancy way of saying he was a skeptic). He comes to the conclusion that one of the things that he really can’t doubt is that his mind exists, because if he doubts, then doubt obviously has to come from somewhere, and that is the existing mind. Unlike the mind however, we can’t always be so sure of the body existing, as it is proven to us via our senses. He then writes that sometimes even though we may believe something because our senses all point to it, it doesn’t mean it is true because our senses can be doubted, as they do some times mislead us. Descartes also brings up the perception of reality in dreams. Sometimes we can be fooled by our senses and think we have true knowledge of something but it may only be a dream we are fooled to believing. If something can even be doubted in the most obscure and smallest way, then to Descartes it cannot be accepted as true knowledge. Both Philosophers seemed to have different perspectives of what true knowledge really is and what methods are necessary to get to it. Even though the opinions differ, they also share some similarities and Descartes must’ve definitely taken a thing or two away from Plato’s writings which came before him. Both philosophers, although using different methods to get at it, discuss how true knowledge must be undisputed for the most part. If someone can come and either doubts you, or reasons against something you said was true knowledge, then it can’t be true knowledge. Both methods involve conversations in which the person believing he has true knowledge would truly come to see that it wasn’t in fact true knowledge. Both Plato and Descartes also believed that true knowledge was in the mind, Plato in that it’s all there from previous lives; and Descartes in that it must come from your mind, and not your sense, because your mind cannot be doubted. When it c omes to differences Plato, unlike Descartes, likes to talk things out in reason and doesn’t shut people down, rather let them notice that they are wrong by asking questions. Descartes isn’t like that; he is much more of a skeptic and just doubts everything and everyone. Descartes also likes to  discuss issues of objective concepts such as nature and the self as opposed to concepts that are subjective like issues of the society around him that Plato liked to discuss in his writings. When I first signed up for philosophy class I was dreading coming to it, I thought it would be a bunch of random stupid ideas that I would have to read from people that have been dead for years. After reading both philosophers’ writings my idea on philosophy had changed completely. The writings of Plato and Descartes alone had taught me a lot about knowledge and the process of learning. Although I believe that a lot of things they had wrote aren’t so true, such as Plato’s theory of recollection, and Descartes’ skeptic doubts of our senses and god, I still think a lot of what they discussed is valid and applicable to life and reasoning still today. Plato’s Socratic dialogues give light to a lot of the ways people have good constructive arguments even today. It also teaches people to not just believe things we are told but to apply logic and use our minds that were given to us. If we doubt and search for answers, we are more likely to understand things better for ourselves. When ideas come from our own minds they are more concrete as opposed to when we just take others’ words and just accept them. The mind is such a powerful tool it would be a real shame to waste it.

Social policy as an academic subject is both descriptive and analytical Essays

Social policy as an academic subject is both descriptive and analytical Essays Social policy as an academic subject is both descriptive and analytical Essay Social policy as an academic subject is both descriptive and analytical Essay Payne, Sarah. , Sullivan, Michael. ( 2004 ) Introducing Social Policy, England: Pearson Education Limited Alcock. Pete. ( 2008 ) The Subject of Social Policy , p. 3 in Alcock, Pete. , May, Margaret and Rowlingson, Karen ( explosive detection systems ) , The Students Companion to Social Policy, 3rd erectile dysfunction. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Baldock, John. , ( 2007 ) Welfare, Ideology, and Social Theory in Baldock, John. , Manning, Nick. , Vickerstaff, Sarah. , ( explosive detection systems ) Social Policy 3rd erectile dysfunction, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Becker Saul. ( 2008 ) Methods and Approaches in Social Policy Research in Alcock, Peter, May. Margaret and Rowlingson, Karen. , ( explosive detection systems ) The Students Companion to Social Policy 3rd erectile dysfunction. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Blakemore, Kenneth ( 2003 ) Social Policy an Introduction 2nd erectile dysfunction, Berkshire: Open University Press Bochel, Hugh ( 2005 ) Introducing Social Policy in Bochel, Hugh. , Bochel, Catherine. , Page, Robert and Sykes, Rob. , Social Policy: Issues and Developments, Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Carlson, Judith ( 2004 ) Theoretical Principles and Concepts in Alcock, Cliff. , Payne, Sarah. , Sullivan, Michael. , Introducing Social Policy, Essex: Pearson Education Limited Considine, Mair A ; eacute ; ad. , Dukelow, Fiona. , ( 2009 ) Irish Social Policy, A Critical Introduction Dublin: Gill A ; Macmillan Ltd Fitzpatrick, Tony ( 2001 ) Welfare Theory: An Introduction, Campling, Jo ( adviser editor ) London: Palgrave George, Vic. , Wilding, Paul. , ( 1994 ) Welfare and Ideology Essex: Prentice Hall Europe Hartnoll, Richard ( 2004 ) Drugs and drug dependance: linking research, policy and pattern, background paper for Pompidou Group s Strategic Conference on linking research, policy and pattern, Strasbourg. Germany: Koelblin-Fortuna-Druck Lavalette, Michael. , Pratt, Alan. , ( explosive detection systems ) ( 1998 ) Social Policy A Conceptual and Theoretical Introduction, London: Sage Publications Inc Spicker, Paul ( 2008 ) Social Policy Themes and Approaches 2nd erectile dysfunction, Bristol: The Policy Press Titmuss, Richard. ( 1974 ) The International Perspective , in Abel-Smith, Brian and Titmuss, Kay ( explosive detection systems ) , Social Policy an Introduction, London: Unwin Hyman Ltd

Water Privatization in Argentina Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Water Privatization in Argentina - Essay Example Owing to the presence of outstanding externalities, there is the need for the proper elimination of sanitation residuals that taint the sector. Water privatisation seeks to participation of the private sector with regard to provision of sanitary and water services to residents of the said region. The concept of water privatisation has remained controversial the world over, with the proponents presenting the efficiency and quality services delivered. Privatisation in the water industry often entails three aspects namely outsourcing, design, building and operation, and asset sale. This way, private companies can be contracted to provide various water and sanitary services in accordance to the stipulations agreed on. The companies are often required to design, build and operate a comprehensive system for the dispensation of water services to residents. The process also involves the release of government-owned assets or companies to the private sector for running and maintenance. This pa per seeks to highlight water privatisation in Argentina with regard to history and aspects relating to effects in the society. Privatisation was widespread throughout Latin America in the 1990s including Chile, Brazil, Bolivia, and Argentina to name but a few. During the early 1990’s privatization of services and liberalization of exchange and trade systems was regarded as an easy solution to the problems of deteriorating infrastructure and unbalanced public finances. These changes contributed to economic stability and increased growth as part of a program of direct foreign investment that began in 1995 until the late 1990’s when political instability and social tensions affected economic performance. Argentina forms a prime example of privatisation in the water sector that received backing from the International Monetary fund and the World Bank (Huey, 2010). The period between 1991 and 1999 saw the successful privatisation of water and sanitary services in Argentina t o covering 60% of the population in 28% of the countries municipals. Previously, water services had been under the management of public enterprises at the provincial level and as such, the government had no jurisdiction with regard to privatisation (Galiani et al, 2005).Under these circumstances, the country relied on a single company, ObrasSanitarias de la Nacion (OSN), to deliver water and sanitary services. The company held the largest operation in its mandate with regard to infrastructure and clientele. Seeing the need for change in the status quo, the World Bank exerted pressure on the Argentine government to decentralise the services (Olleta, 2007).The privatisation of OSN came about three years later after the initial appointment following restructuring changes that were required. A French company through its subsidiary, sought to purchase the government-run water company and establish a new company by the Aguas Argentinas. This move was aided by the World Bank who has stakes in the consortium as it funded the company in support of the comprehensive privatisation program. The company was charged with task of supplying clean water to the citizens as well as transporting and treating sewage. The company made returns on their investment and was regarded as a success owing to their enormous profits (Public Citizen, 2003). The concession contract was, however revoked in 2006 after 13 years of services to the citizens; with the main reason believed to contribute to the cancellation of the concession was the economic crisis in the years following 2000. The government argued that the company failed to achieve its targets as cited in the contract with regard